三唑酮对斑马鱼和稀有鮈鲫不同生长阶段的急性毒性比较

为探明三唑酮对鱼类不同生长阶段的毒性效应,以斑马鱼和稀有鮈鲫为测试生物,检测了三唑酮对斑马鱼和稀有鮈鲫不同生长阶段的急性毒性差异。研究发现,三唑酮对斑马鱼和稀有鮈鲫胚胎为低毒,其96 h-LC50值分别为21.1(14.4~31.0)和14.2(9.65~20.9)mg·L~(-1);高浓度的三唑酮对斑马鱼和稀有鮈鲫胚胎的孵化有明显的抑制作用,染毒96 h后,23.7 mg·L~(-1)三唑酮组斑马鱼胚胎的孵化率为4.17%,22.5 mg·L~(-1)三唑酮组稀有鮈鲫胚胎的孵化率为33.3%。三唑酮对斑马鱼仔鱼、幼鱼和成鱼为低毒,其96 h-LC50值分别为24.8、21.3、13.1 mg·L~(-1),三唑酮对稀有鮈鲫仔鱼、幼鱼和成鱼为中毒,其96 h-LC50值分别为9.96、7.89、6.89 mg·L~(-1)。因此,三唑酮对斑马鱼和稀有鮈鲫不同生长阶段的毒性效应排序一致,毒性从高到低顺序依次为:成鱼幼鱼仔鱼。试验结果表明,相对于斑马鱼,稀有鮈鲫对三唑酮的毒性作用更为敏感,三唑酮对稀有鮈鲫不同生长阶段的毒性均高于斑马鱼相应生长阶段的毒性。     

联苯胺类化合物对斑马鱼胚胎发育毒性的初步研究

应用斑马鱼胚胎发育技术,对4种联苯胺类化合物(联苯胺、3,3'-二甲氧基联苯胺、3,3'-二甲基联苯胺、3,3'-二氯联苯胺)的毒性进行了测定.结果表明,这4种化合物对斑马鱼胚胎发育均有明显抑制作用,可以造成仔鱼畸形甚至死亡,具有特定的最敏感毒理学终点及作用时间;联苯胺苯环上的取代基可以增强联苯胺的亲电作用或亲核作用,从而增强其胚胎毒性,其中尤以卤代产物(3,3'-二氯联苯胺)最为显著.其毒性排列顺序大致为:3,3'-二氯联苯胺>3,3'-二甲基联苯胺>3,3'-二甲氧基联苯胺>联苯胺;4种联苯胺的斑马鱼胚胎毒性数据与lgKow没有显著相关性,推测这4种联苯胺的毒性机理属体内反应型,毒物参与生理代谢.     

壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚对斑马鱼精巢组织的影响

采用半静态水体暴露的方式研究了非离子表面活性剂对成熟雄性斑马鱼精巢组织的影响。用荧光定量PCR(qRTPCR)方法检测试验鱼精巢雌激素受体α(ERα)、雄激素受体(AR)基因以及性激素合成相关细胞色素P450酶类基因(CYP17和CYP19a)的表达,通过组织学观察研究受试鱼精巢结构的变化。结果表明,壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(NPEO)暴露可以引起雄性斑马鱼精巢组织结构的改变,并影响成年雄性斑马鱼ERα、AR基因和性激素合成相关细胞色素P450酶类基因的表达水平,且10.0 mg·L~(-1)的NPEO暴露可以显著上调CYP19a、ERα和AR基因的表达量,可显著下调斑马鱼精巢中CYP17基因的表达量。在组织学上,0.1 mg·L~(-1)组斑马鱼生精小管内不仅生精小囊数目减少,且管腔中精子数量减少,出现非细胞区域; 1.0和10.0 mg·L~(-1)组可见部分个体精子凝聚于生精小管管腔中央,管腔内空隙明显增大,表现出严重的精子浓缩效应。由此表明,NPEO暴露通过抑制CYP17基因的表达干扰睾酮的合成;同时,NPEO暴露通过诱导CYP19a和ER基因的表达增加内源雌激素的合成,导致斑马鱼精巢中性激素紊乱,最终损伤斑马鱼精巢组织。     

大庆油田采油污水对斑马鱼过氧化氢酶的影响研究

为研究大庆油田采油污水对生物过氧化氢酶（Catalase,CAT）的毒性效应,判定采油污水对生物体的损害程度.以斑马鱼为实验材料,利用大庆油田不同稀释倍数（66.7倍、52.6倍、33.3倍）的采油污水胁迫培养斑马鱼,通过紫外分光光度法测定斑马鱼的不同部位CAT的变化情况,研究采油污水对斑马鱼毒性效应.结果表明,在相同的处理时间和环境条件下,随着采油污水稀释倍数的减小,斑马鱼的不同部位的CAT含量呈增加趋势,当达到一定稀释倍数时CAT的增长发生抑制,CAT含量减少,斑马鱼的生理状况也随之产生变化,甚至死亡.为此需要重视对大庆油田采油污水排放的监管、规范和治理.     

Polyaspartic acid alleviates heavy metal toxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of polyaspartic acid (PASP) on Pb, Cu, and Cd toxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio). After 24 hours’ toxicity test on zebrafish, LC50, survival rates of zebrafish and catalase (CAT) activity were determined. The results revealed that the 24-hour survival rates of zebrafish exposed to Pb (P?P?P?P?in vitro and in vivo mechanisms.     

化学品生态毒性测试鱼类模式生物的应用与展望

水生生物毒性测试广泛应用于评估化学品的水生态环境安全,而鱼类生态毒性数据为水生生态风险评估与风险管理提供基础。本文总结了现有的鱼类水生毒性测试标准及常用的物种。阐述了常用水生鱼类模式生物,如斑马鱼Danio rerio、青鳉鱼Oryzias latipes、黑头软口鲦Pimephales promelas等作为模式鱼类的特征及在生态毒性测试中的应用。环保部7号令推荐稀有鮈鲫Gobiocypris rarus作为中国本土生物在水生毒性测试中使用。目前公开发表的利用稀有鮈鲫的水生毒性研究多集中在急性毒性方面,对其他类型的研究如法规毒理相关的长期慢性毒性有待开展。     

1H-NMR-based metabolomic studies of bisphenol A in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR) spectroscopy was used to study the response of zebrafish (Danio rerio) to increasing concentrations of bisphenol A (4,4′-(propane-2,2-diyl)diphenol, BPA). Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied to detect aberrant metabolomic profiles after 72 h of BPA exposure at all levels tested (0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 mg/L). The OPLS-DA score plots showed that BPA exposure caused significant alterations in the metabolome. The metabolomic changes in response to BPA exposure generally exhibited nonlinear patterns, with the exception of reduced levels of several metabolites, including glutamine, inosine, lactate, and succinate. As the level of BPA exposure increased, individual metabolite patterns indicated that the zebrafish metabolome was subjected to severe oxidative stress. Interestingly, ATP levels increased significantly at all levels of BPA exposure. In the present study, we demonstrated the applicability of ¹H-NMR-based metabolomics to identify the discrete nature of metabolic changes.     

Lethal effects of abamectin on the aquatic organisms Daphnia similis, Chironomus xanthus and Danio rerio

Abamectin is used as an acaricide and insecticide for fruits, vegetables and ornamental plants, as well as a parasiticide for animals. One of the major problems of applying pesticides to crops is the likelihood of contaminating aquatic ecosystems by drift or runoff. Therefore, toxicity tests in the laboratory are important tools to predict the effects of chemical substances in aquatic ecosystems. The aim of this study was to assess the potential hazards of abamectin to the freshwater biota and consequently the possible losses of ecological services in contaminated water bodies. For this purpose, we identified the toxicity of abamectin on daphnids, insects and fish. Abamectin was highly toxic, with an EC₅₀ 48 h for Daphnia similis of 5.1 ng L⁻¹, LC₅₀ 96 h for Chironomus xanthus of 2.67 μg L⁻¹ and LC₅₀ 48 h for Danio rerio of 33 μg L⁻¹.     

氰戊菊酯对斑马鱼和稀有鮈鲫不同生命阶段的毒性效应

为探明氰戊菊酯对鱼类不同生命阶段的毒性效应,以斑马鱼和稀有鮈鲫为测试生物,评价了氰戊菊酯对斑马鱼和稀有鮈鲫不同生命阶段的急性毒性差异。研究发现,氰戊菊酯对斑马鱼和稀有鮈鲫胚胎的96 h-LC50值分别为0.901(0.664~1.22)和0.636(0.233~1.74)mg·L~(-1)。氰戊菊酯对稀有鮈鲫胚胎孵化有明显的促进作用,染毒48 h后,0.188和0.375 mg·L~(-1)氰戊菊酯对稀有鮈鲫胚胎的孵化率分别为88.9%和100%。氰戊菊酯对斑马鱼仔鱼、幼鱼和成鱼的96 h-LC50值分别为0.00340、0.0183、0.00487 mg·L~(-1),氰戊菊酯对稀有鮈鲫仔鱼、幼鱼和成鱼的96 h-LC50值分别为0.0520、0.00277、0.00345 mg·L~(-1)。因此,氰戊菊酯对斑马鱼不同生命阶段的毒性从高到低顺序依次为:仔鱼成鱼幼鱼胚胎,氰戊菊酯对稀有鮈鲫胚胎、仔鱼、幼鱼和成鱼的毒性为幼鱼成鱼仔鱼胚胎。试验结果表明,斑马鱼仔鱼对氰戊菊酯的敏感性高于稀有鮈鲫相应的生命阶段,相对于斑马鱼,稀有鮈鲫胚胎、幼鱼以及成鱼对氰戊菊酯的毒性作用更为敏感,说明氰戊菊酯对斑马鱼和稀有鮈鲫不同生命阶段的毒性效应差异较大。